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Creators/Authors contains: "Bolici, Francesco"

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  1. Introduction. Deskilling is a long-standing prediction of the use of information technology, raised anew by the increased capabilities of AI (AI) systems. A review of studies of AI applications suggests that deskilling (or levelling of ability) is a common outcome, but systems can also require new skills, i.e., upskilling. Method. To identify which settings are more likely to yield deskilling vs. upskilling, we propose a model of a human interacting with an AI system for a task. The model highlights the possibility for a worker to develop and exhibit (or not) skills in prompting for, and evaluation and editing of system output, thus yielding upskilling or deskilling. Findings. We illustrate these model-predicted effects on work with examples of current studies of AI-based systems. Conclusions. We discuss organizational implications of systems that deskill or upskill workers and suggest future research directions. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available March 11, 2026
  2. null (Ed.)
    The increased pervasiveness of technological advancements in automation makes it urgent to address the question of how work is changing in response. Focusing on applications of machine learning (ML) to automate information tasks, we draw on a simple framework for identifying the impacts of an automated system on a task that suggests 3 patterns for the use of ML—decision support, blended decision making and complete automation. In this paper, we extend this framework by considering how automation of one task might have implications for interdependent tasks and how automation applies to coordination mechanisms. 
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